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Air Cargo Containers

Air cargo containers, known in the industry as unit load devices, are how freight is packed into an aircraft. Their shapes and limits decide what can fly and how it must be packed. AirFreight.com arranges air freight and charter, with trucks at both ends.

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SERVICES OVERVIEW

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Shipping within tight time constraints? We put businesses at ease with urgent shipping solutions, including air charter, air freight, and hand carry options, available nationwide. And when air delivery services aren't the right solution, we also offer urgent trucking solutions for seamless ground transport. 

Our understanding of global trade, global cargo routes, and air cargo schedules allows us to tailor each delivery to meet your needs. We're available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, year-round to support you when you need it most. We dispatch a vehicle sized to your freight to pick up your delivery as quickly as possible.

You'll work one-on-one with a single point of contact who will guide you through the shipping process from door to door. No matter the complexity of your shipment, we're here to provide personalized guidance. Explore our custom shipping solutions to choose the right option for you.

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Ultra-Critical Shipments

Move your cargo across the country, whether from a metro area or a remote location. We'll help you meet ultra-critical delivery deadlines with the right aircraft. Enjoy concierge-level customer service and complete shipment flexibility to get your delivery to its final destination with ease.

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Same Day and Next Day Solutions

Meet your dependable air freight broker for custom air freight solutions. We offer routine assistance and utilize high-tech tracking systems to ensure every shipment arrives on schedule. Choose from next flight out (NFO), overnight, or economy (general freight), depending on your individual requirements.

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Secure Hand Carry Services

When you have a highly sensitive or critical shipment, our hand carry service provides security and speed. This service is not typically available for larger freight, but it's ideal for time-sensitive or high-value items. It's also the perfect solution for rescuing a delayed shipment, ensuring it gets back on track and into the right hands as quickly as possible.

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Urgent Trucking

When air delivery isn't the right fit for your shipment, our urgent trucking solutions might be the answer. We support your urgent ground shipping needs with expedited trucking options. Choose from sprinter vans, cargo vans, and trucks of all sizes, including tractor-trailers, to get your items where they need to be—fast.

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How freight flies

Container, pallet with net or loose cargo

Freight flies in a container, on a pallet with a net, or as loose pieces. Each suits different freight; AirFreight.com arranges the flight. Read across to compare.

Container Enclosed unit Pallet with net Flat aircraft pallet Loose cargo Individual pieces
Protects freight Yes: Fully enclosed Sometimes: Net and wrap No: Packaging only
Takes odd shapes No: Fixed shape Yes: Built up to fit Sometimes: If it fits the hold
Taller items No: Height limited Yes: On freighters Sometimes: Hold height
Built up by the airline Yes: At the terminal Yes: At the terminal No: Loaded by hand
Best for small shipments Sometimes: Consolidated Sometimes: Consolidated Yes: Few pieces
Best when Many boxes, protected Bulky or tall freight A few pieces

Container

Enclosed unit
Protects freight
Yes: Fully enclosed
Takes odd shapes
No: Fixed shape
Taller items
No: Height limited
Built up by the airline
Yes: At the terminal
Best for small shipments
Sometimes: Consolidated
Best when
Many boxes, protected

Pallet with net

Flat aircraft pallet
Protects freight
Sometimes: Net and wrap
Takes odd shapes
Yes: Built up to fit
Taller items
Yes: On freighters
Built up by the airline
Yes: At the terminal
Best for small shipments
Sometimes: Consolidated
Best when
Bulky or tall freight

Loose cargo

Individual pieces
Protects freight
No: Packaging only
Takes odd shapes
Sometimes: If it fits the hold
Taller items
Sometimes: Hold height
Built up by the airline
No: Loaded by hand
Best for small shipments
Yes: Few pieces
Best when
A few pieces

General comparison; unit types vary by aircraft and airline.

Cargo freighter aircraft
In short

Shaped to fit the aircraft

ULDs are containers and pallets built for aircraft holds.

ULDs What they are

What air cargo containers are

Air cargo containers are the units that freight is packed into before it is loaded onto an aircraft. The industry calls them unit load devices, or ULDs, a term that covers both enclosed containers and flat aircraft pallets with nets. They let airlines load many pieces of freight as one unit, which saves time and protects the freight on the ground and in the air.

ULDs are shaped to fit the curved holds and decks of aircraft, and each aircraft type takes specific units. That is why ocean shipping containers, which are rectangular steel boxes built for ships, trucks and trains, cannot be loaded onto aircraft. Air cargo containers are lighter and shaped to the aircraft instead.

AirFreight.com arranges air freight that travels in these units, from scheduled flights to charters, with trucks collecting and delivering it at each end.

Aircraft engine
Why it matters

The deck sets the limits

Lower deck units are smaller; freighters take bigger units.

Decks Lower deck and main deck

Lower deck and main deck

Aircraft carry cargo on two levels. The lower deck is the hold beneath the cabin, found on both passenger aircraft and freighters. Lower deck containers are shaped to fit its curve, and they carry baggage, mail and cargo on passenger flights many times a day.

The main deck is the level where passengers sit on a passenger aircraft. On a freighter, the main deck is open for cargo, with a large door that takes bigger pallets and taller units. That makes freighters the choice for larger, heavier or taller freight that will not fit in a lower deck unit.

Which deck freight can travel on depends on its size and the aircraft on the route. AirFreight.com chooses flights with the deck space a shipment needs, or an air charter when scheduled flights cannot take it.

Expeditor Chris at the airport
Build-up Who builds up the units

Who builds up the units

Most shippers never pack an air cargo container themselves. Freight is delivered to the airline's cargo terminal as loose pieces or palletized shipments, a step called tendering. Airline or ground handling staff then build up the ULDs, fitting freight from many shipments into containers or onto pallets, securing it with nets and straps and weighing each unit before it goes to the aircraft.

At the destination, the units are broken down in the cargo terminal, and each shipment is separated out for recovery by the consignee's truck. The shipper's job is to deliver freight that is well packed, labeled and accurately described, so it can be built up safely.

AirFreight.com handles the trucking that tenders freight before the cutoff and recovers it after the flight, so shippers do not deal with the terminal themselves.

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  • Todd Anderson scheduled an air freight shipment for us in just a few hours. Shipping a 1500lb crate from Indiana to California overnight. We thank you & our customer thanks you!

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Step 1 of 3Origin and Destination Info

Expeditor Kevin
The rule

Fit and packing decide the flight

Dimensions, stacking and packaging set which flights can take it.

Your freight What it means for you

What it means for your freight

Air cargo containers affect how freight should be prepared. Freight has to fit the units and doors of the aircraft on the route, so tall, long or oddly shaped pieces may only fit on freighters. Pallet height and footprint matter, and freight that can be stacked or tipped is easier to build into a unit than freight that cannot.

Packaging should protect the freight from being moved several times. Air freight is billed on chargeable weight, the higher of the actual weight and a volumetric weight based on dimensions, so packing compactly helps. Freight too large for any standard unit may need an air charter.

Sharing exact dimensions, weights and handling notes before booking avoids surprises at the terminal. AirFreight.com uses those details to choose a flight the shipment can actually travel on.

The expediting team at the airport
The upshot

ULDs keep air cargo moving

From e-commerce parcels to machine parts, freight flies in units.

Industries How industries rely on them

How industries rely on them

Air cargo containers keep many industries moving. E-commerce shipments are often consolidated into containers by the thousands, so many small parcels travel as a few units. Pharmaceutical companies rely on air freight for medicines and materials that need fast, careful handling.

Automotive and manufacturing companies fly urgent parts on pallets and in containers when a line needs them, and perishable goods such as seafood and flowers move quickly from producers to markets. Larger industrial equipment rides on main deck pallets on freighters or on a charter.

For the shipper, the result is the same: freight packed well and described accurately flies sooner. AirFreight.com arranges air freight for each of these industries and handles the trucking at both ends, so the freight reaches the terminal and the receiver on time.

Air cargo by the numbers

Air cargo by the numbers

These figures show how much trade flies, how fast air cargo is growing and how much of it now comes from e-commerce.

Air cargo demand growth

3.4%in 2025

Source: IATA press release, 29 Jan 2026, 2025

Working with us

How AirFreight.com handles your air freight

A shipment goes right when one person owns it, the option fits and the updates are honest.

Expeditor Chris in an aircraft cargo hold

“I had a single point of contact assigned to our shipment that was fantastic on keeping me updated every step of the way.”

Pamela · Trustpilot
HowWe Work

One Person, Start to Finish

When you call AirFreight.com, you reach a real person right away, and that same person owns your shipment from the first call to final delivery. You never have to explain it twice.

Your expeditor books it, follows it the whole way and is the person you call next time.

  • A direct number for your expeditor
  • Updates at pickup and delivery
  • The same person on your next shipment
Expeditor Steve

“I called up at 7:30 pm... one that was secured cancelled at the end of the day. Todd quoted three shipments on the spot... The last shipment was picked up at Midnight.”

Susan · Trustpilot
WhatWe Provide

The Right Mode, Every Time

Every shipment is different, and the right solution is the one that actually fits. We arrange next flight out, scheduled air freight, same day hand carry, air charter and expedited ground across North America.

We match the shipment to the option it needs, so you never pay for capacity or speed you do not use.

  • Each option weighed against your deadline
  • Freighters when the freight is too big
  • Trucks when the destination is close
Expeditors Steve and Todd

“True to word. They did exactly what they said they would do.”

Dan · Trustpilot
WhoWe Are

Honest With You, Always

Urgent freight is stressful enough without wondering whether you have the full story. We give you the price before you commit, the timeline as it actually stands, and if something goes wrong, you hear it from us first.

That includes telling you when a truck will get there first.

  • Clear quotes before you commit
  • Real updates, including the bad news
  • We tell you when a truck is faster
Boeing 767-200F aircraft

AIR CHARTER AIRCRAFT

Reliable, on-demand aircraft charter solutions—customized to move your freight faster, safer, and smarter.

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PILATUS PC 12

PILATUS PC-12

A small, single-engine aircraft with a large aft cargo door, designed for short- to medium-range travel. The PC-12 operates from small airfields and is known for safety and reliability.

CESSNA 406 CARAVAN II

CESSNA 406 CARAVAN II

A small, twin-engined turboprop aircraft for short- to medium-range deliveries. Capacity is limited, but its size and versatility allow it to use airports close to where its cargo is produced and needed.

DASSAULT FALCON 20

DASSAULT FALCON 20

The perfect aircraft for delivering vital parts or materials quickly, this famously efficient private jet accommodates five pallets and has a range of nearly 3,000 miles.

DOUGLAS DC 9 15F

MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9 15F

A smaller, twin-engined jet built for short- to medium-range transportation. Cargo capacity is a little over 10 tons, but the ability to use shorter runways increases the versatility of this aircraft.

747 400F

BOEING 747-400F

Built for efficient delivery of huge loads to any corner of the globe. The wide-body design, with an opening nose, large side door, and cargo handling system, simplifies loading and unloading.

Air Cargo Containers Questions Answered

What are air cargo containers?

Air cargo containers are units used to pack freight before it is loaded onto an aircraft. The industry calls them unit load devices, or ULDs, a term that covers both enclosed containers and flat aircraft pallets secured with nets. They are shaped to fit aircraft holds and decks, so many pieces of freight can be loaded as one unit, saving time and protecting the freight. Sharing complete details when booking helps avoid delays. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment.

What is a ULD?

A ULD, or unit load device, is a container or pallet used to load freight, baggage and mail onto an aircraft. ULDs let airlines group many pieces into one unit that fits the aircraft and locks into place. Different aircraft types take different ULDs, and they are used on both passenger aircraft and freighters. Most are built up and broken down by airline or ground handling staff at the cargo terminal. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment. Asking these questions before booking avoids surprises later.

What is the difference between an air cargo container and a pallet?

An air cargo container is an enclosed unit, usually with a fixed shape that fits the aircraft hold, which protects freight from weather and handling. An aircraft pallet is a flat platform on which freight is stacked and secured with a net and straps. Pallets take bulky or oddly shaped freight more easily, while containers suit many boxes that need protection. Asking these questions before booking avoids surprises later. Planning ahead makes the delivery go more smoothly. Sharing complete details when booking helps avoid delays.

Why can't ocean containers fly on aircraft?

Ocean shipping containers are heavy rectangular steel boxes built to be stacked on ships and carried by trucks and trains. They are too heavy and the wrong shape for aircraft, which have curved holds and strict weight limits. Air cargo containers are lighter and shaped to fit specific aircraft, so freight moving by air is packed into these units or onto aircraft pallets instead. Planning ahead makes the delivery go more smoothly. Sharing complete details when booking helps avoid delays. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment.

What is lower deck and main deck cargo?

Lower deck cargo travels in the hold beneath the cabin, found on both passenger aircraft and freighters. Lower deck units are shaped to fit the curve of the hold. Main deck cargo travels on the upper level of a freighter, which has a large door and room for bigger pallets and taller units. Larger or taller freight often has to travel on the main deck of a freighter. Sharing complete details when booking helps avoid delays. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment.

Who loads air cargo containers?

Air cargo containers are usually loaded by airline or ground handling staff at the cargo terminal. Shippers or their trucking providers deliver freight to the terminal as loose pieces or palletized shipments, and the staff build up the ULDs, combining shipments, securing them and weighing each unit. At the destination, the units are broken down so each shipment can be recovered and delivered. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment. Asking these questions before booking avoids surprises later. Planning ahead makes the delivery go more smoothly.

Does my freight need to fit a container?

Your freight needs to fit the units and doors of the aircraft on the route. Most boxes and standard pallets can be built into containers or onto aircraft pallets. Tall, long or unusually shaped freight may only fit on freighter main deck pallets, and freight too large for any standard unit may need an air charter. Sharing exact dimensions and weights before booking confirms what will fit. Asking these questions before booking avoids surprises later. Planning ahead makes the delivery go more smoothly. Sharing complete details when booking helps avoid delays.

What is loose cargo?

Loose cargo is freight handed to the airline as individual pieces rather than as a built-up unit. It is common for small shipments of a few boxes or crates. The airline or ground handler may load loose pieces directly into the hold or combine them with other shipments in a container or on a pallet. Good packaging and clear labels matter because loose pieces are handled individually. Planning ahead makes the delivery go more smoothly. Sharing complete details when booking helps avoid delays. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment.

Can large freight fly without containers?

Large freight that does not fit standard containers can often travel on aircraft pallets on the main deck of a freighter, secured with nets and straps. For freight too large or heavy even for that, an air charter can book an aircraft suited to the load. The freight's dimensions, weight and how it can be lifted and secured decide which option works. Sharing complete details when booking helps avoid delays. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment. Asking these questions before booking avoids surprises later.

How do I ship freight by air?

To ship freight by air, share what the freight is, the number of pieces, the weight and dimensions of each, how it is packed, the pickup and delivery addresses, contacts and the deadline. Mention lithium batteries, hazardous materials or anything that needs special handling. The provider chooses a flight or charter, confirms the quote and arranges the trucking to the airport and the delivery at the other end. A provider can confirm what is possible for a specific shipment. Asking these questions before booking avoids surprises later.

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